Aging is a complex and multifactorial physiological process that is influenced by a multitude of genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. In recent years, there has been growing interest in elucidating the relationship between the visual system and brain changes in the healthy aging process as well as in age-related neurodegenerative disorders such as dementia. Thought of as an extension of the brain the retina, offers a unique opportunity to visualise and monitor the health and integrity of the brain non-invasively and routinely. Neuroimaging of the visual pathway can be used to evaluate the relationship between retinal changes and brain imaging in healthy aging participants and in patients with neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD).