Feline arterial Thromboembolism (FATE) is often an acute and devastating condition caused by a thrombus migrating to the peripheral artery. Cats seem to be more prone to FATE than other species which may be due to the higher prevalence of myocardial diseases. As 90% of cats with ATE presented have underlying cardiac diseases. However, approximately 10% of FATE are non-cardiogenic and neoplasia is the second most common cause.
Clinical signs of FATE are usually acute onset with no or little warning signs. Cats with ATE are often in severe pain in the affected limbs. This condition can affect one and more than one limb, and hind limbs are more commonly affected than front limbs. It also causes a significant level of distress for both the cat and the owners. Vocalizing is often the result of exhibiting discomfort and distress. Another common presentation of FATE is paralysis of one or both pelvic limbs. This is usually the first sign that is noticed by the owners. Moreover, most of the affected cats are hypothermic because of occlusion of the blood supply to the hindquarters. Thus, cyanosis may be seen on the paw pads of the affected limbs. A heart murmur or gallop sound may be identified on the cardiac auscultation due to the underlying cardiac disease (e.g., HCM or congestive heart failure).
A recent study showed that cats with ATE have a 50% discharge rate if treated early with appropriate therapy (e.g., oxygen, analgesia, and anticoagulants). The improvement of the affected cats can be seen within 24 -48 hours. However, the high euthanasia rates are also common due to the owner’s financial concerns or unable to care for them. Short-term management such as opioid analgesia and oxygen therapy should be initiated ASAP when affected cats are presenting to the hospital.
Although the long-term prognosis of FATE is generally guarded. Studies have shown that affected cats can live up to 350-500 days after discharge. Long-term treatments include Antithrombotic therapy, monitoring pain, skin necrosis and treatment for cardiac disease should be instructed and regular cardiac recheck is also recommended.